第十課
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GRAMMAR FOCUS
I. Passive voice: a review
這單元主要是複習動詞的被動語態。被動語態因時態的不同，有以下幾種形式：
簡單現在式：am/is/are + p.p.
簡單過去式：was/were + p.p.
簡單未來式：will be + p.p. 或 is/are going to be + p.p.
現在完成式：have/has been + p.p.
過去完成式：had been + p.p.
未來完成式：will have been + p.p.
現在進行式：am/is/are being + p.p.
過去進行式：was/were being + p.p.
※其他進行式很少使用被動語態。
助動詞 + 被動式 ：
should/must/can/could... + be + p.p.
should/must/can/could... + have + been + p.p.
被動語態通常使用於做動作者很明顯、不重要或不清楚的情形下。
例：English is spoken in America.
The restroom is occupied now.
My bicycle was stolen last night.
Practice A
Complete each sentence using the words given.
答案
2. They were/have been trapped in the rubble for ten days.
3. The game will be put off if it rains heavily.
4. Iris is afraid of being left alone.
5. A highway connecting the two cities is being constructed right now.
6. The rivers weren't polluted/hadn't been polluted before the chemical factories moved into this area.
Practice B
Complete the following passage using the given verbs in parentheses either in the active or in the passive voice.
答案
1. hadn't come out 6. have become
2. could be carried 7. is being done
3. was developed 8. can swap
4. were marketed 9. is threatening
5. surpassed 10. has stopped
【補充練習】
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
1. The museum (close) at 5:00 p.m. every evening.
2. I (wake) up by the fire alarm several times last night.
3. All the computers (use) at the moment.
4. Telephone calls (transmit) by cables before satellites (invent).
5. This road (already close) because of landslides.
6. If the letter (send) by express, it would have arrived now.
7. When I got to the gym, I found the swimming pool (clean) and it wasn't going to be open until later that evening.
8. This tunnel (construct) for five years by the end of the year.
答案
1. is closed
2. was woken
3. are being used
4. had been transmitted, were invented
5. has already been closed
6. had been sent
7. was being cleaned
8. will have been constructed
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