第九課 蘭嶼之旅 A Trip to Lanyu
Reading
課文翻譯與重點分析
| 晴朗的天氣下，我們六個都市人，搭乘著螺旋槳小飛機，準備登陸這個又名「蘭花島」的蘭嶼。我們都很渴望探索這個在台灣東南外海遺世獨立的小島。當我們接近時，可以看到風化的海岸岩石、河流及火山的景色。我們也瞥見蘭嶼的熱帶雨林——台灣附近島嶼上唯一僅存的雨林。我們的眼睛同時也在沿岸搜尋住在蘭嶼的原住民，愛好和平的達悟人。和外界隔離的地理位置有助於保存他們的傳統文化，同時也讓他們把蘭嶼維持為一個自給自足的海上樂園。 我們一登上蘭嶼就安排租借輕型機車，因為它們提供了欣賞島上原始風景最方便的方式。一路上，我們看到罕見的岩石 |
1. We six city people were getting ready to land on Lanyu, also known as Orchid Island, in a small, propeller-driven airplane.（見第1行）
Six people, including me, were in a small, propeller-type airplane, and we were getting ready to land on Lanyu, which is also called Orchid Island.
(1) also known as意思是「又名為」，除了表示人或地方的另外一個名字外，在國人的護照上，除了有中文名字，及其英文的拼音之外，如果有英文名字，前面會有出現also known as意即「外文別名」。
例：U.S. President John Kennedy, also known as JFK, was assassinated in 1963.
Lesley Hornby, also/better known as Twiggy, was one of the most famous models
of the 1960s.
(2) propeller-driven是一個複合形容詞，其組合型式是N + V-p.p.，字面上來看可知是「由螺旋槳所驅動的」。
複合形容詞結構有：
N + V-ing time-consuming
N + V-p.p. candlelit
Adj. + V-ing good-looking
Adj. + V-p.p. brown-colored
Adv. + V-ing brightly shining
Adv. + V-p.p. well-made
Adj. + N-ed kind-hearted
數量詞 + 單數名詞 ten-minute
2. All of us were eager to explore this small and isolated place, located off the southeastern coast of Taiwan.（見第3行）
(1) 劃線部分為分詞片語，修飾this small and isolated place，由子句 which is located off the southeastern coast of Taiwan簡化而來。
(2) off the coast 在離岸的海上
例： The shipwreck happened five miles off the coast.
3. We got a glimpse of Lanyu’s tropical rain forest--the only rain forest existing on any of the islands near Taiwan.（見第6行）
劃線部分為分詞片語，修飾rain forest，由子句 that exists on any of the islands near Taiwan簡化而來。
4. Our eyes were also searching the coast for any signs of the aboriginal people that populate Lanyu, the peace-loving Dawu, whose isolation from the outside world has helped to preserve their traditional culture and also allowed them to maintain their home as a self-sufficient paradise on the sea.（見第8行）
We were looking very carefully along the shore for signs of the aboriginal people who live on Lanyu; they are a peaceful people called the Dawu. Because they live on this island, the Dawu people are isolated from the rest of the world, and this isolation has helped them to keep their traditional culture; it has also helped them to keep their island beautiful, like a paradise in the ocean.
(1) that populate Lanyu是形容詞子句，修飾先行詞the aboriginal people 。
(2) the peace-loving Dawu是the aboriginal people that populate Lanyu的同位語。
(3) whose所引導的也是形容詞子句，補充說明Dawu人的情形。該子句有兩個動詞，分別為has helped 及 (has) allowed。
5. No sooner had we landed than we made arrangements to hire scooters, as they provide the most convenient way to enjoy the island’s primitive scenery.（見第13行）
(1) 以否定詞語，如no、not、nor、neither、hardly、seldom、little、never等開頭的句子必須倒裝。
例： Not until he got home did he find out that his wallet was gone.
Little do her parents know how much money she spends on her cellphone.
(2) as當連接詞用，意思是「因為」。此外，as還有「當……之時」、「像……」和「雖然」等意思。
例： As he didn’t have any money, he was not able to buy the ticket.
As he was crossing the street, a car ran into him.
You should take things as they are.
As hungry as I was, I (still) wouldn’t eat the disgusting-looking food.
(3) they指的是scooters。
(4) primitive adj. 原始的，遠古的
primitive man 原始人
primitive forest 原始森林
6. Riding along, we saw unusual rock....（見第15行）
(1) 開頭即以分詞構句形式省略與子句相同的主詞we，因為是主動，所以用現在分詞。
(2) along adv. 向前移動，前進地
例： I just drove along, not knowing where to go.
| 結構與洞穴，也不時瞥見翱翔的鳥兒和飛舞的蝴蝶，其中還包括像珠光鳳蝶這種只有蘭嶼才有的罕見物種。我們常常會停下來觀察某種稀有的昆蟲或植物。我們也經常要讓路給大搖大擺過馬路的羊群或豬隻。因為島上沒有交通號誌燈，這些動物似乎提供了一個控制交通的有效系統。我們一路上也在幾個村落稍作停留，受到好客的達悟人熱情地招呼，並受邀品嚐飛魚大餐。一看就知道是飛魚季節，因為幾乎在每戶人家前，我們都可以看到掛在木架和木杆上的飛魚。 |
7 ..., including unusual species such as the Lanyu birdwings that are native to Orchid Island.（見第19行）
(1) that所引導的是形容詞子句，修飾先行詞unusual species，可以簡化為形容詞片語native to Orchid Island。
(2) be native to 表示「（動植物）原產於……」。
例：Giant pandas are native to China.
8. With no traffic lights on the island, these animals seem to provide an effective system of traffic control.（見第23行）
(1) with no traffic lights on the island是介系詞片語做副詞用，修飾整句話，說明是在島上沒有紅綠燈的情況下。
例：With no food to eat, the boy died.
(2) effective adj. 有效的
effect n. [U, C] 影響；效果
effect v. [T] 實踐
feel the effect of sth. 感覺到某物的效果
in effect生效；實際上
take effect生效
例：It is not easy to effect change in an education system that has not been reformed
for many years.
It will take some time before you feel the effects of this medication.
The law is already in effect.
Her answer was, in effect, a refusal.
The new law will take effect next month.
9. We stopped as well at several villages along the way, where we were warmly greeted by the hospitable Dawu people and invited for a meal of flying fish.（見第25行）
(1) stop v. [I] 停留（於某處）
例： I stopped at my aunt’s for tea on my way home.
(2) 這裡的along做介系詞，是「沿著」的意思，和重點6 的 (2) 不同。
10. It was easy to tell that it was flying fish season, as we could see the fish hanging on wooden shelves and poles in front of almost every house.（見第27行）
(1) It是虛主詞代替to tell that it was flying fish season。
(2) tell在此處的意思是「看出；辨識出」。
| 文法／句型 動詞tell的用法 (1)「看出；辨識出」。 It is easy to tell that he is very tired. It is hard to tell that she is over fifty. (2)「告知 某人 某事」。 tell + sb. + sth. He promised to tell me his family history. tell + sb. + wh- clause You ought to tell me what you need. tell + sb. + that + S + V John told me that he had to leave by nine. (3)「告知 某人 去做某事」。 tell + sb. + to V Please tell her to go back to her room. |
(3) season n. [C] 盛產期，當令季節；（……的）時期
high/low season 旺季／淡季
in/out of season 當季的／過季的
hunting/breeding season 狩獵季節／繁殖期
the dry/rainy/typhoon season 乾季／雨季／颱風季節
(4) as是連接詞用，意思是「因為」。
(5) see後面加上hanging，表示看到的是飛魚正掛在家家戶戶前院的木架上，而不是看到飛魚從掛上去到取下來的整個過程。
| 文法／句型 感官動詞 + O + V-ing → 表示看到或聽到某件事物正在進行中 I saw a man sneaking out of the church. 感官動詞 + O + V → 表示看到或聽到某件事物的整個過程 I saw him hail a taxi and hop into it. |
| 繼續順著環島三十六公里的公路走，我們無意間看到海邊排列著色彩鮮豔的獨木舟，它們是達悟人主要的釣魚工具，也是達悟人文化的驕傲之一。建造這些船要特別費心，它們是在不用釘子的情況下，由二十一或二十七片木板拼裝而成的。每年六月都會舉行一年一度的船隻組裝及裝飾比賽。在船隻下水儀式上，村裡的男丁會穿著傳統的丁字褲，女性也穿傳統服裝載歌載舞，典禮莊嚴卻充滿力與美。 在環島之旅的途中，我們還經過許多達悟人居住的傳統屋子。 我們很幸運地能夠進入這種特別的半地下屋參觀。它們建在挖空的地洞上，只讓屋頂露出來。我們了解到這種 |
11. Continuing along the road, which runs thirty-six kilometers around the island, we came across a beachside display of the colorful canoes that are the Dawu people’s primary fishing vessel and one of the prides of their culture.（見第34行）
As we kept driving along the road, which is 36 kilometers long and goes around the island, we found a group of colorful canoes on the beach. These canoes are the main type of fishing boat used by the Dawu people; they are also a very special part of the Dawu culture.
(1) Continuing along the road是分詞構句，由as we continued along the road改變而成。分詞構句是由「以連接詞為首的子句」簡化而來，有些由「對等子句」變化而來，有些由「副詞子句」變化而來。詳細內容請參考第一冊第三課所介紹來自對等連接詞引導的分詞構句，及第二冊第五課來自副詞子句的分詞構句。
(2) which runs thirty-six kilometers around the island為非限定形容詞子句，補充說明先行詞the road。
run v. [I]（往某一方向）延伸，蔓延
例：The railroad runs across Europe.
Lines of grapevines run parallel to one another.
(3) come across 無意間發現
例： I came across some old pictures of my parents in the attic.
(4) side常與其他字組成複合字，表示「……旁邊」。
例：beachside/seaside 海邊
lakeside 湖邊
riverside 河邊
roadside 路邊
mountainside/hillside 山邊，山腰
bedside 床邊
ringside （舞台、表演的）場邊
(5) that are the Dawu people掇 primary fishing vessel and one of the prides of their culture為限定形容詞子句，修飾先行詞the colorful canoes。
12. Special care goes into making these boats.（見第37行）
go into sth.（金錢、時間、努力等）投入……
例： A great deal of time and money has gone into the project.
The author knows that more effort needs to go into completing her book.
13. The assembly and decorating of the boats takes place at an annual contest held every June. There is a launching ritual at which the male villagers wear their traditional loincloths and the women, also dressed in traditional garments, sing and dance. The ceremony is solemn, yet full of energy and beauty.（見第39行）
The boats are built and decorated at a contest that is held every year in June. There is a ritual in which the boats are launched. At this ritual, the men of the village wear traditional loincloths, and the women, who also wear traditional clothes, sing and dance. The ceremony is serious, but still very beautiful and full of energy.
(1) held every June是分詞片語，由子句 which is held every June簡化而來，修飾先行詞contest。
(2) at which the male villagers wear their traditional loincloths and the women, also dressed in traditional garments, sing and dance 關係代名詞which指的是先行詞a launching ritual。
14. Our round-the-island trip also took us past a number of traditional Dawu houses.（見第45行）
有時候我們會將幾個字用連字號 (hyphen) 連起來當成形容詞用。
例：down-to-earth 實際的
up-and-down 起起伏伏的
mouth-to-mouth 嘴對嘴的
one-size-fits-all 各種體型適用的
win-win 雙贏的
door-to-door 挨家挨戶的
once-in-a-lifetime 千載難逢的
all-in-one 全效的，多功能的
有時候這類的形容詞端看說話的人如何組合運用，字典中不一定查得到，但多半從字面就可以猜得到意思，在英語電影中常常可以聽見各種自創的詞彙。
例：an all-you-can-eat restaurant 吃到飽的餐廳
a now-it-can-be-told secret 現在才能說的祕密
15. We were lucky enough to be able to visit one of these unusual semi-subterranean dwellings, which are built in a shallow excavation that allows only the roof to show.（見第47行）
劃線部分是非限定子句，補充說明semi-subterranean dwellings。
| 精巧的建築方式可以讓屋子冬暖夏涼，而且對於經常在五月到九月間襲擊島上的強烈颱風，它幾乎是無法滲透的。 旅程的第二天，我們去浮潛，享受蘭嶼另一項最受遊客喜歡的活動。潛入海面下，看到那些色彩繽紛的熱帶魚和迷人的珊瑚礁令我們驚喜不已。浮潛之後，我們到一戶當地人家中，享受了一頓令人永難忘懷的晚餐。跟大部分傳統的達悟夫妻一樣，丈夫出海捕撈我們晚餐的食材，太太則在家準備當天捕回來的新鮮龍蝦，搭配蕃薯和許多其他菜餚。「我們也許沒有錢，但是卻每天吃龍蝦！」太太開玩笑地說。先生用比較嚴肅的語氣告訴我們，他們已經學會和大自然和平共存，並且懂得欣賞簡樸的生活。 第三天，也就是最後一天的早上，我們在海邊的小攤子裡享用了早餐。頭一次嚐著新鮮的海藻沙拉， |
16. We learned that this ingenious method of construction keeps the house cool in summer, warm in winter, and nearly impervious to the fierce typhoons that strike the island frequently from May through September.（見第49行）
keep the house cool 是 keep + O + OC的句構，受詞補語可以是adj. 或 p.p. 或V-ing。
例：I hope I can keep you happy forever. (adj.)
You should not keep a child locked in his room for five hours. (p.p.)
The coach kept the runner running for two hours. (V-ing)
17. On the second day of our trip, we went snorkeling and enjoyed another of Lanyu’s best tourist activities.（見第54行）
another在這裡當代名詞，代表tourist activities中的另外一項。
| 文法／句型 another當代名詞時，後面可不加名詞或one。 That piece of cheesecake was so yummy. May I have another? |
18. Our day of snorkeling was followed up with a most memorable dinner, which we enjoyed at the home of a local family.（見第57行）
(1) memorable adj. 值得紀念的
memory n. [C, U] 回憶；記憶力
memorize v. [T] 記住
in memory of 紀念
to the best of one’s memory就某人記憶所及
in/within living memory 現在人們還記得
例：The concert was held in memory of the musician, who had died in an accident.
To the best of my memory, I have never met him before.
Some people consider her the greatest actress in living memory.
For the people of the island, it was the most destructive earthquake in living
memory.
(2) which we enjoyed at the home of a local family是非限定子句，補充說明先行詞dinner。
19. As with most traditional Dawu couples, the husband did the fishing for our dinner, leaving his wife to prepare the day’s catch of fresh lobster, which she served with yams and many other dishes.（見第59行）
The husband went fishing and caught lobster for our dinner, and his wife prepared the lobster, serving it to us with yams and many other dishes. This way of sharing the work (with the husband fishing and the wife cooking) is common in traditional Dawu families.
(1) leaving his wife to prepare the day’s catch of fresh lobster是由對等連接詞引導的子句簡化而來的分詞構句，原句為and the husband left his wife to prepare the day’s catch of fresh lobster。
(2) which she served with yams and many other dishes是非限定子句，補充說明先行詞fresh lobster。
20. “We may be poor, but we eat lobster everyday!” the wife said jokingly.（見第62行）
jokingly adv. 開玩笑地
joke v. [I] 開玩笑
joke n. [C] 笑話
can’t take a joke開不得玩笑
don’t see the joke 看不出有什麼好笑
make a joke 講笑話
no joke 不是開玩笑的
play a joke on someone開某人玩笑
例：He is too serious. He can’t take a joke.
What’s so funny? I don’t see the joke.
Be serious. This is no joke.
How dare you play such a mean joke on our teacher!
21. On a more serious note, the husband told us that they had learned to live in peace with nature and appreciate a life of simplicity.（見第63行）
(1) On a more serious note當副詞用，修飾動詞told。us是授予動詞told的間接受詞。
(2) that所引導的子句是told的直接受詞，該子句的動詞had learned後接兩個不定詞片語to live in peace with nature及appreciate a life of simplicity。第二個不定詞片語前的to省略了。
| 文法／句型 常見的授予動詞有 tell、show、give、take、bring、lend、send、sell、buy、write、sing、ask、teach、make、get等。 John sent me a book. S V IO DO Melody’s mother bought her a beautiful dress. S V IO DO |
22. Tasting fresh seaweed salad for the first time and listening to the sound of the waves nearby, we experienced this paradise in yet another peaceful way.（見第67行）
(1) Tasting fresh seaweed salad for the first time and listening to the sound of the waves nearby這部分是由「副詞子句」變化而來的分詞構句，原句為When we tasted fresh seaweed salad for the first time and listened to the sound of the waves nearby。
(2) yet在這裡是副詞，用來加強another，表示「另外再多一種」。這種強調「數量或次數再度增加」的用法也常用來修飾more和again。
例：My aunt already had five daughters, and she gave birth to yet another one
yesterday.
The price of gasoline has gone up yet again.
Sometimes you have to tell yet more lies to cover up the first one.
(3) another在這裡是限定詞（determiner）。限定詞，如a、the、this、every、some、my、either、enough、other、several等放在名詞前面，但不是形容詞。
| 聽著附近的海浪聲，我們用另一種寧靜的方式體驗了這個天堂。當天下午登機以前，看著蘭嶼最後一眼，我們輕聲地對自己說：「我們一定會回來蘭嶼的，這個太平洋上最後的一顆珍珠。」 |
23. Giving the island one final glance before taking off that afternoon, we said quietly to ourselves, “We will definitely return to Lanyu, the last pearl in the Pacific Ocean.”(見第69行）
(1) Giving the island one final glance before taking off that afternoon也是由「副詞子句」變化而來的分詞構句，原句為When we gave the island one final glance before taking off that afternoon。
(2) the last pearl in the Pacific Ocean是Lanyu的同位語。
COMPREHENSION CHECK
答案
I. A
II. 1. A 2. C 3. C
Discussion
教學建議
老師宜在問題討論前，了解是否有同學來自離島，或是有親友住在離島，或是曾經去過離島。如果有，可以請他們介紹台灣離島：澎湖、綠島、金門、馬祖，甚至蘭嶼的一些情形及特色。為了鼓勵學生踴躍發言，老師可允許學生用中文來探討，甚或中英文一起用。學生說明之後，老師可以補充講解。
此外，老師可以就蘭嶼現有的環保問題，請同學發表意見，並說明原因。
參考答案
1. I went to Green Island with my friends three years ago. Since it was autumn when we visited the island and it rained most of the time we were there, we didn’t do any water activities. However, we rented motorcycles to tour around the island and enjoyed the beautiful scenery along the coast.
2. I don’t think Lanyu should be developed. We should protect the natural environment as much as possible.
VOCABULARY
以下有關本課生字及其衍生字的補充，僅供教師參考，不用全部教給學生。
I. Words for production
1. weathered adj. 風化的
weather v. [I] 風化；[T] 安然度過
weather n. [U] 天氣
weather-beaten adj. 受到風吹日曬的
to weather the recession/storm/crisis 安然度過蕭條期／暴風雨（或喻難關）／危機
under the weather不舒服；有病
例： The old man’s weather-beaten face told us he had been through a lot of hardships.
Gary was under the weather this morning. He couldn’t make it to school.
2. glimpse n. [C] 瞥見
glimpse v. [T] 瞥見；看一眼
to get/have/catch a glimpse 一瞥，瞥見
a fleeting glimpse 匆匆一瞥
the first glimpse 第一眼
例：There were so many people that I could only get a fleeting glimpse of the marching
band.
At the first glimpse, he was fascinated by the picture.
3. populate v. [T] 居住於
population n. [U] 人口
population explosion 人口爆炸（指突然的人口暴增）
population density 人口密度
aging/adult/working population 老年／成年／勞動人口
4. maintain v. [T] 供給；維持；主張
maintenance n. [U] 持續；保存；保養；贍養費
high-maintenance adj. 難保養的；（形容人）難伺候的
maintenance check 例行保養檢查
maintenance cost 保養費
house/car maintenance 房屋維護／汽車保養
例： Rick broke up with Lisa because he found her to be a high-maintenance girlfriend.
5. paradise n. [C] 天堂；樂園；(P~) 天國 (= heaven)
a shopper’s/gourmet’s paradise 購物者／美食者的天堂
bird of paradise 天堂鳥（產於新幾內亞一種色彩鮮豔的鳥類）
Paradise Lost 《失樂園》（十七世紀英國詩人米爾頓（John Milton）所作，內容敘述天國中撒旦叛亂、與神的抗爭、帶領天使逃亡墮入地獄，以及亞當、夏娃被逐出天堂樂園的故事，是英國公認最偉大的史詩作品。）
6. hire v. [T] 租用；雇用
hire n. [U] 租借；租金
hire out出租；出賣勞力
例：Why don’t you hire out your car to earn some extra money?
He often hires himself out as a wedding photographer.
【補充】
hire和rent的不同：
在英式英語中，短期的租賃用hire (hire a car)，長期的租賃用rent (rent a room)，而美式英語中則一律用rent。
7. formation n. [U] 形成；養成
form v. [I, T] 形成；養成；構成；建立；編成
form n. [U] 形狀
to form a line/circle 排成直線／圍成圓圈
in the form of 以……的樣子、型式
in any shape or form 以任何型態
例：He can’t even form a correct sentence in Chinese.
The tennis players plan to form a tennis club of their own.
With her hands, the cookery teacher formed the dough into eight equal balls. She
then instructed the students to form each ball into a small pie crust.
Help in the form of money will be declined.
Bribery in any shape or form should be forbidden.
8. cave n. [C] 洞；穴
cave v. [I] 塌落；陷落
cave-dweller n. [C] 穴居
cave painting 洞穴壁畫
cave in 倒塌；坍陷；失敗
例： The roof of the house caved in during the earthquake.
Because of a lack of capital, his business caved in.
10. shelf n. [C] 架子
top/bottom shelf 最上層／最下層的架子
shelf life （食物、產品等的）上架期（指可以放在架上出售的期間）
on the shelf束之高閣的；棄置不用的
off the shelf（現成的）可立即購買
例：Canned food has a much longer shelf life than dairy products.
This project has been on the shelf for several months. I think it’s time we
appointed a committee to finish it up.
At this store, you can buy a whole computer set-up right off the shelf. You don’t
need to place a special order.
11. pole n. [C] 竿子；桿子
electricity pole 電線桿
ski/fishing pole 滑雪杖／釣竿
12. display n. [U, C] 展示；陳列；展示品
display v. [T] 展示；陳列；表露；展現
fireworks display 煙火表演
window display 櫥窗展示
display cabinet 展示櫃
liquid-crystal display (LCD) 液晶顯示器，液晶螢幕
on display 展覽
make a display of炫耀
例：I have never seen him display his true feelings.
The owner of the company displayed his sincerity by communicating directly with
the representatives of the employees.
The sculptor’s works are on display at the museum.
John seems to be making a big display of his new car. He’s driving it around
everywhere to show it off.
13. pride n. [C] 引以為傲之物或人；[U] 自負
pride v. [T] 以……自傲
proud adj. 驕傲的
take pride in sth./sb. 為……感到驕傲
pride oneself on (doing) sth. 因……而自豪
one’s pride and joy 某人極珍惜的人或物
Pride comes/goes before a fall.【諺】驕兵必敗
例： The children took pride in the tree house they built and named it “The Nest.”
Louise has always prided herself on her fair and smooth skin.
This guitar is my pride and joy—don’t touch it without my permission.
14. assemble v. [T] 裝配；聚集
assembly n. [C, U] 集合；集會
assemblyman/assemblywoman n. [C] 眾議院（男／女）議員
assembly line 裝配線
例：This is Peter Stewart’s second term as an assemblyman.
Steve has a job working on the assembly line at an auto factory.
15. nail n. [C] 釘子
nail v. [T] 釘住；擊中
as hard/tough as nails強悍的
hit the nail on the head一針見血
nail down 釘住；使……成定案
例：You’ve got to be as tough as nails to survive as a female executive in a big
company.
His words hit the nail on the head.
My father nailed down a loose board in the floor.
It took a lot of discussion, but we finally nailed down an agreement.
16. contest n. [C] 比賽
contest v. [T] 爭取；競賽
contestant n. [C] 競賽者
talent contest 才藝競賽
beauty contest 選美比賽
singing contest 歌唱比賽
17. garment n. [C] 衣服
woolen garment 羊毛衣
outer garment 外衣（【反】undergarment 內衣）
school/sports/designer/winter garment 校服／運動服／設計師服裝／冬裝
second-hand garments 二手衣
【補充】
garment、clothes、clothing、wear的分別：
garment 一件衣物，用在正式的文體中，少用於一般日常會話
clothes 衣物的總稱
clothing 較為正式，尤指某一種類的衣物
wear 指特定用途或場合的服裝，經常與其他名詞連用，例如children掇 wear。
19. dwelling n. [C] 住所
dwell v. [I] (dwell, dwelt/dwelled, dwelt/dwelled, dwelling) 居住
dweller n. [C] 居住在某個地方的人或動物
dwell on 總是想著
city/apartment dweller 都市居民／公寓住戶
例： Don’t dwell on the past. You need to forget what has happened and move on with your life.
20. shallow adj. 淺的；膚淺的
shallow v. [I] 變淺
shallows n. [pl.] 淺水處；淺灘
例：She found her blind date quite shallow and boring, so she is not going to see
him again.
They found a dead body in the shallows, near the mouth of the river.
22. construction n. [U] 建造
construct v. [T] 建造；構成
constructive adj. 建設性的；有助益的
under construction 建構中；施工中
grammatical construction 文法結構
road construction 道路施工
construction site 工地 (= building site)
be constructed of 由……建造而成
to construct a(n) theory/argument/sentence/ story 建構出理論／論點／句子／故事
constructive advice/suggestion/criticism 具有建設性的意見／建議／批評
例： My blog is currently under construction but will be ready in a few days.
The old church is constructed of beautiful white marble.
23. dive v. [I] (dive, dived/dove, dived/dove, diving) 潛水；突然由高處向下衝；突然藏匿
dive n. [C] 潛水；跳水
scuba diving 用水肺潛水
diving board 跳水板
例：I saw an eagle dive to catch a small mouse.
The thief dove suddenly into a small alley.
25. glance n. [C] 瞥視
glance v. [I] 匆匆一瞥
at a (single) glance看一眼；馬上
at first glance 第一眼，剛看上去
take/cast a glance at 看了……一眼
例： He knew at a glance which man had robbed him.
At first glance I mistook the stick for a snake.
She took a glance at the newspapers as she was leaving the store.
【補充】
glance和glimpse的分別：
glance和glimpse中文都翻成「瞥見，一瞥」，不過glance是很快地看，而glimpse是匆匆一瞥且沒有看到全貌。
II. Words for recognition
2. Orchid Island n. 蘭嶼
orchid n. [C] 蘭花
蘭嶼位在台東南方外海，北與綠島互為碕角、南臨巴士海峽與菲律賓巴丹島遙遙相望。島嶼呈掌腕狀，面積僅次於澎湖島，是台灣第二大島。氣候高溫多濕，由珊瑚礁形成的海岸更是蔚為奇觀。
3. propeller-driven adj. 螺旋槳啟動的
propeller n. [C] 螺旋槳
-driven字根表示「由……所驅策的」
a steam-driven coffee maker 蒸氣咖啡機
a market-driven economy 市場主導的經濟
a customer-driven marketing strategy 顧客導向的行銷策略
4. Dawu n. 達悟族
早期稱做「雅美族」，「雅美」一詞是日本人所命名，但雅美人自稱「達悟」——意思是「人」，因此後來正名為「達悟族」。
達悟族是台灣唯一的一支海洋民族，由於生活環境獨立，傳統文化因此保存得最為完整，社會活動主要端賴父系氏族群體及魚團組織來管理。除種植並食用薯、芋、栗等作物外，四周環海的他們以捕魚為生，每年三至六月隨黑潮迴游到來的飛魚，是族人最重要的漁撈物，他們視飛魚為聖物，全年的祭典儀式也配合捕撈飛魚活動。
5. scooter n. [C] 輕型機車 (= motor scooter)；滑板車
例： Riding a scooter is a common means of transportation in Taiwan.
6. flitting adj. 輕快飛翔的
flit v. [I] 輕快地飛
例： Several moths are flitting around the light bulb.
7. Lanyu birdwings n. [C] 珠光鳳蝶
珠光鳳蝶產於熱帶，是世界保育的鳥翼蝶類昆蟲，這種大型蝴蝶在臺灣僅分布於蘭嶼。因為雄蝶的後翅在逆光下會閃現珍珠光澤，所以得到這個美麗的名稱。
珠光鳳蝶過去曾是捕捉收藏的對象，顛峰時期估計平均每年出口5,000-10,000隻珠光鳳蝶標本，因此導致珠光鳳蝶莫大的生存壓力。世界自然保育聯盟（IUCN）和華盛頓公約組織 （CITES）已經將其列為世界保育及限制買賣的物種。台灣也在民國七十八年依照野生動物保護法，將珠光鳳蝶公告為瀕臨絕種的昆蟲之一。
11. semi-subterranean adj. 半地下的
semi-字首表示「一半的」
a semi-autobiographical novel 半自傳性小說
semi-circular 半圓的
semi-automatic 半自動的
semi-professional 半職業的，業餘的
subterranean adj. 地下的
a subterranean cave/passage 地下洞穴／通道
sub-字首表示「地下的，下面的」
subway 地下鐵
submarine 潛水艇
12. excavation n. [C, U] 地洞；挖掘
excavate v. [I, T] 挖掘；使出土
例： Excavation of the site was interrupted for a few days because of heavy rain.
The abandoned tunnel was excavated for its legendary buried gold.
14. snorkel v. [I] 浮潛
浮潛（snorkeling）和潛水（scuba diving）不同的地方在於浮潛是利用嘴裡咬一根管子來呼吸，並且只在水面活動，而潛水需配備桶裝壓縮氧氣筒，又稱為水肺（scuba）。
15. coral reef n. [C] 珊瑚礁
coral n. [U] 珊瑚
coral adj. 珊瑚色的
coral necklace/bracelet 珊瑚項鍊／手鐲
reef n. [C] 礁岩，暗礁
the Great Barrier Reef（澳洲）大堡礁
IDIOMS AND PHRASES
2. give way to 讓路；讓步；屈服
例：The crowd of demonstrators gave way to the president’s car as it drove slowly down the boulevard.
She started out feeling a little jealous of her sister’s success. But gradually her jealousy gave way to anger and deep resentment.
find one’s way 找到路
get in the way擋路
get out of the way讓路；除去
go a little/long way with 對……有一點／很大的效果
have a way with ... 對……有一套
例： The boy finally found his way home.
Don’t get in the way. The bus is coming.
Three men worked together to get the huge rock out of the way.
His words go a long way with his son.
The little girl has a way with her father.
WORD POWER
canoeing 划獨木舟 snorkeling浮潛
jet-skiing水上摩托車 surfing衝浪
kayaking 划小皮艇 water-skiing滑水
para-skiing拖曳傘 white-water rafting急流泛舟
sailing 乘帆船 windsurfing玩風浪板
scuba-diving潛水 yachting 乘遊艇
【補充】
1. canoe獨木舟
paddle one’s own canoe自力更生
例： You’re old enough now that you shouldn’t always be turning to your parents for help. You’re going to have to learn to paddle your own canoe.
2. jet ski 水上摩托車
Jet Ski is the trademarked name of a “personal water craft” (PWC) made by the Kawasaki Motor Co., but the term “jet ski” has become a generic name for all types of similar water craft.
例： I have never ridden on a jet ski.
3. kayak 小皮艇
A kayak is similar to a canoe, but generally has room for only one person.
4. para-ski 拖曳傘
例： I’m afraid of heights. I don’t have the nerve to try para-skiing.
5. sail n. [C, U] 帆
sail v. [I] 揚帆航行
smooth sailing「平順的航程」，引申來形容一件「容易進行的工作」。
6. scuba n. [C] 潛水者用的水中呼吸器
7. snorkel n. [C] 潛水者使用，一端要伸出水面的呼吸管
8. white-water 是形容水流很急所產生的白色水花，所以white-water rafting 也可說成是激流泛舟。
9. yacht指的是大型、豪華的遊艇。
GRAMMAR FOCUS
I. no sooner ... than
no sooner ... than和as soon as，the moment/minute及upon V-ing的用法類似，表示「一……就……」。但是在用法上有以下差別：
no sooner和than之後分別連接兩個子句，表示這兩個子句中描述的事情幾乎同時發生。no sooner後必須接過去完成式的句子，而且在句首時，句子要倒裝；than之後的句子則用過去簡單式。
as soon as後接過去簡單式的子句。
the moment/minute後接過去簡單式的子句。
upon後接動名詞。
例： No sooner had we landed than we made arrangements to hire scooters.
= As soon as we landed, we made arrangements to hire scooters.
= The moment/minute we landed, we made arrangements to hire scooters.
= Upon landing, we made arrangements to hire scooters.
我們一抵達就做了租摩托車的安排。
Practice
Use “no sooner ... than,” “the moment/minute,” “as soon as,” and “upon V-ing” to combine sentences from each box.
答案
2. had the thundershower stopped than a rainbow emerged in the sky
3. had Jane got to the airport than she found she had left her ticket at home
4. had people heard a typhoon was coming than they rushed to do some grocery shopping
5. had Mr. Black punched out at work than he went directly to a pub to meet his friends for a drink
6. she was ready to take a shower, the water stopped
7. the dog sees a stranger approaching, it starts to bark
8. recovering, the boy called his friends to see if they could come over to play
【補充】
No sooner said than done. 說了就實行；說到做到
II. S + find adj
keep + O + V-ing
catch p.p.
leave
此句型用到的是「動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語」（V + O + OC）。補語的部分可以是形容詞、現在分詞（表主動）、過去分詞（表被動）。
例：This ingenious method of construction keeps the house cool in summer, warm in
winter.
這種巧妙的建築方式讓房子冬暖夏涼。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting in the rain.
很抱歉讓你在雨中等待。
You should keep the dog locked in the backyard.
你應該把狗鎖在後院。
Practice
Complete the dialogues using the “S + find/keep/catch/leave + O + adj./V-ing/p.p.” pattern.
答案
3. leave the window open
4. left his work undone
5. found myself walking
6. found his car stolen
7. caught me cheating
8. found her cat dead
【補充練習】
1. The boy (keep/the kite/fly) in the sky.
2. I found the little girl (stick/between the iron bars).
3. Don’t hurt the bird. We have to (catch/it/alive).
答案
1. kept the kite flying
2. stuck between the iron bars
3. catch it alive
LANGUAGE USE
教學目標
本單元分成兩部分，第一部分列出達悟族人兩個重要慶典的主要活動內容，讓學生藉由敘述這些活動，能有進一步了解並加深印象。第二部分列出小米豐收慶典時，達悟族人表示慶祝的主要舞蹈，讓學生談論對這些舞蹈的看法。
教學建議
老師可讓同學先閱讀活動內容，並就同學不了解的地方進行說明，然後再把同學分為兩人一組，彼此輪流說明慶典活動的內容讓對方了解。
例：
The Millet Harvest Festival is one of the major festivities of the Dawu people. It is set on an auspicious day, usually on the first day of the fifth lunar month. The purpose of the festival is to give thanks for a good harvest. During the ceremony, the Dawu people will perform different kinds of dances, including a millet-pounding dance, a crop-growing dance, a hat dance, a hair-swinging dance, and a warrior dance.
Listening
1. 說明如何完成此聽力活動。
2. 可先帶學生瀏覽五個問題的答案。
3. 根據學生程度的不同，放一至三次CD，而後核對答案。
聽力腳本
Penghu, Green Island, Orchid Island, Jinmen, and Matzu are the main offshore islands of Taiwan. Listen to the brief descriptions of these islands and answer the question that follows each description.
1. Penghu, known as the “bright pearl” of the Taiwan Strait, consists of 64 islands of various sizes. The islands are famous for their emerald seas and blue skies, fine beaches, fresh air, rich oceanic resources, and beautiful landscapes.
Q1: How many islands does Penghu consist of?
2. Green Island lies in the Pacific Ocean. It is 33 km east of Taitung City. The coral reefs found underwater are not only beautiful, but have also made this destination a paradise for scuba divers and snorkelers.
Q2: What activity do people enjoy doing at Green Island?
3. Lanyu is situated off the southeastern coast of Taiwan. In addition to enjoying the island’s beautiful scenery, visitors to Lanyu can also enjoy a glimpse into the fascinating culture of the aboriginal people who live there.
Q3. In addition to the beautiful scenery, what else can you see in Lanyu?
4. Jinmen, lying just 2,100 meters off the coast of mainland China, is a hilly island. It is composed mostly of granite and has a history that derives largely from war. It can, therefore, be termed a “battlefield island.”
Q4. What does Jinmen’s history derive from?
5. Matzu, named after the goddess Matzu, is located northwest of Taiwan in the Taiwan Strait. Matzu was long a poor island that depended on fishing, and it was once a military fortress like Jinmen. Even though Matzu has undergone many changes, it still has a special battlefield culture, with frontline defenses still in place.
Q5. What is NOT true about Matzu?
答案
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D
WRITING
Write a postcard to a friend about your trip to a certain place.
旅遊期間寫一張明信片給朋友：
例：
Dear Shelly,
I am in Guam enjoying my vacation with my family. Relaxing and enjoying the fantastic sunsets over the Philippine Sea is like being in paradise. It’s such a beautiful place that I would like to live here the rest of my life. Take care!
Yours,
Sammy
也可寫一封短信：
例：
Dear Shelly,
I am in Guam enjoying my vacation with my family. The island of Guam is truly a tropical island paradise. With its year-round warm and crystal clear waters, tourists can enjoy various water activities here, including swimming, snorkeling, jet skiing, windsurfing, parasailing, skydiving and deep-sea sport fishing. My brother tried windsurfing for the first time in his life, and he loved it. Although I am not a sea person, I still enjoy relaxing and watching the fantastic sunsets over the Philippine Sea. It’s such a beautiful place that I would like to live here the rest of my life. Take care!
Yours,
Sammy
若有時間進行另外一個寫作活動，可請學生寫一篇遊記：
Write a short composition about a trip you have taken to a certain place, or write a short composition introducing a place.
Example:
Last summer I went to Guam with my family. Although located in the northern Pacific, the island of Guam is truly a tropical island paradise. With its year-round warm and crystal clear waters, tourists can enjoy various water activities there, including swimming, snorkeling, jet skiing, windsurfing, parasailing, skydiving and deep-sea sport fishing. Although I am not a sea person myself, I enjoyed relaxing and watching the fantastic sunsets over the Philippine Sea.
The original inhabitants of Guam, the ancient Chamorro, are widely believed to have been of Indo-Malaya descent with linguistic and cultural similarities to people in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Therefore, visitors can see a rich but mixed cultural heritage in Guam. It’s such a beautiful place that I would like to go back there again. I would even live there the rest of my life if I could.
本課背景及參考資料
1. 台灣原住民族的起源
目前關於台灣原住民族的起源說法有兩類，一是主張原住民族的發源地在島外，一是主張台灣是南島語族的祖居地。前一種說法甚普遍，學者從語言、考古、文獻資料、神話傳說等方面論證原住民族祖先的起源地應是大陸東南沿海。學者甚至推測原住民族移入台灣的年代，例如賽夏族與泰雅族應是在公元前三千年的先陶時代即來台，排灣族和卑南族則應是在東南亞巨石文化興盛時期，移入台灣。而台灣是南島語族祖居地的說法，是較新的主張，這是許多語言學家的研究結果。孰是孰非，還有待進一步的研究。
2. 台灣原住民族屬於南島語系，在人種上屬馬來人。南島語族是世界上分布最廣的民族；分布地區西起非洲東南的馬達加斯加島，越過印度洋直抵太平洋的復活節島；北起台灣，南到紐西蘭。台灣是南島語族分布的最北端。台灣原住民族共有十九個部族，可略區分為原住民族和平埔族。原住民族目前保有自己的語言、風俗習慣和部落結構，不過也正面臨急速現代化的問題。平埔族則大多已失去原有的語言和習俗。
目前台灣的原住民族共有十二族（政府認定），包含有阿美、泰雅、布農、排灣、魯凱、卑南、賽夏、鄒、邵、雅美（達悟）、噶瑪蘭、太魯閣等。
3. 達悟族的地理分布
達悟族在行政區分上隸屬於台東縣蘭嶼鄉，總人口數約四千多人，分布在紅頭、漁人、椰油、東清、胡島、銀野六村。
台灣東南海外的蘭嶼島，面積四十五平方公里，是一火山島。蘭嶼在日本時代稱為「紅頭嶼」，台灣光復後，因國民政府認為原名不雅而改以島盛產的蝴蝶蘭命名，更名為蘭嶼。全島大部分為山地，大半為熱帶雨林覆蓋。達悟族人世居在蘭嶼島，與菲律賓巴丹島關係密切，生活習性、語言非常相近；而在古老傳說中也流傳許多達悟族與巴丹島往來的故事。達悟族人在山海交接處建立村落，住屋為半穴居；因四周環海，他們以捕魚為生，每年三至六月隨著黑潮迴游到來的飛魚，是族人最重要的漁撈物，同時舉行重要的招魚祭，並吸引許多觀光客前來。蘭嶼目前已被規劃為國家公園，成為台灣的觀光勝地。
族人自稱為「達悟」（Tao），就是「人」的意思，雅美一詞是由日本人鳥居龍藏所命名， 一九九五年旅台的雅美青年成立「達悟同鄉會」有意正名「雅美」為「達悟」。他們也種植並食用薯、芋、栗；因為海洋在生活中的重要性，連帶使得漁舟下水禮也成為達悟族年中的重要行事之一。由於海洋的天然屏障，使得他們接觸漢化文化最晚，但也因此文化保存得滿完整的。不過，因台電核廢料儲存場設於此地，曾引起族人數次抗爭；而達悟族在二○○○年新總統就任之後，進一步提出了自治的要求，讓我們對這支最溫和的原住民印象改觀。
文化特質
(1) 飛魚文化：捕飛魚是達悟族人年中的盛事，整個生活重心環繞著飛魚捕撈活動，飛魚甚至是信仰與宇宙觀的表現。（傳說中，天神住的家也有飛魚。）
(2) 大船文化：達悟拼板舟的製造及裝飾藝術獨步全球，漁團的組織成員多是家族內的成員，藉此鞏固家族組織並發揮共享、共食的精神。
(3) 南方島嶼的地理觀：早期達悟人的傳統地域概念僅止於台灣、綠島及巴丹群島，而沒有中國的概念。
(4) 愛好和平的原住民族：達悟人遇有糾紛時，穿著籐編的盔甲，戴上籐帽，手持長矛，雙方對峙丟石頭，只要一方有人受傷，戰事即告終止。
(5) 丁字帶與精細的織衣：藍白相間的衣飾及丁字帶是達悟人的標誌，也是適應海上生活的產物。
(6) 分類清楚的食、用器皿：達悟人對每一種食物（穀、肉、魚）都有專用的陶器、木盤。分類清楚絕不混淆。
4. 達悟族的重要祭典
以下以紅頭村為例：
(1) 小米豐收祭（mivaci）：在每年六月小米收割後舉行。舉行與否由村裡的長老開會協商，現在種小米的家戶日漸減少，若要舉辦小米豐收祭須在年初事先通知各家戶廣植小米。一九九六年六月，紅頭村舉辦了一次為期三天的小米豐收節，由村裡的青年策劃，除了傳統的樁打小米、吟唱祈求豐收的歌謠以外，也安排了一些達悟族歌舞的表演：如勇士舞、頭髮舞，並將頭髮舞與樁打小米的儀式結合，呈現在同一個時空，顯示紅頭村民對歌舞形式的改良意圖。
(2) 飛魚招魚祭（mivanwa）：在每年二至三月舉行，意在召請飛魚，祈求漁獲豐碩。依照以前的慣例，大都在舊曆年前後，由紅頭村首先舉行招魚儀式。當天清晨，族裡的男子由長老帶領至海邊，以手指沾雞血塗在海邊的卵石，向海面呼喊「飛魚回來哦！」各船的船主則戴上銀盔、金片，面向海面祈求今年的飛魚飛回到船上來。之後，船主拾了五個卵石回到船主屋前的曬魚架，放在曬魚桿及四個支架下面，並搖晃著，象徵魚架上因掛滿了飛魚而搖晃，有祈求豐收的意義。
(3) 飛魚收藏祭：在六至七月舉行，表示飛魚汛期已結束，曬乾儲存以備冬季時食用。結束捕飛魚的當天，村民將今年捕獲的大魚尾巴（通常是鮪魚）穿串吊掛在海邊，表示飛魚季節已經結束，從那天起，不再捕抓飛魚，改抓其他的食用魚。
(4) 飛魚終食祭（manoigoyin）：約在每年的農曆八月十五（中秋節）以後，停止食用飛魚，並將未食的飛魚丟棄。
(5) 大船下水典禮（mangegen）：舉行時間多在招魚祭之前，是全島的盛事，所有親朋好友都來祝賀，主人分贈禮芋、豬肉給前來祝賀的親友，充滿了辦喜事的氣氛。在選定樹材的同時，各家船主已經在自己的田地上廣植芋頭；大船下水典禮的前幾天，婦女們佩掛瑪瑙，戴上禮帽，手持禮杖至田間進行第一次挖取芋頭的儀式。往後的幾天，婦女們都在田裡，直到芋頭的數量足夠覆蓋整隻大船。正典當天，村民們都來幫忙殺豬，船主依次分贈禮肉、禮芋給各家戶。全村（甚至全島）的村民均盛裝與會，船主及青年們穿著丁字褲，在大船四周舉行驅逐惡靈的儀式，隨後抬起大船，拋向空中數次。之後，青年們抬著船向海邊走去，行進途中反覆地作出驅逐惡靈的動作，直到新船下水，在海上划行，整個大船下水典禮才算圓滿達成。
(6) 新屋落成禮（mivazai）：達悟人極為重視新屋落成，新屋的建造請親朋好友來幫工，藉此互相累積建屋的經驗，婦女們則需廣植芋田，以備落成時使用。傳統的住屋建材全部取自蘭嶼本島，目前已有許多水泥新房產生，但舉行落成禮的心情並沒有改變。在達悟的習俗裡，父母親去世後，家屋必須拆卸，建材由兒子們繼承，兒子們再利用這些建材聯合自己從山上取回來的建材建造自己的家屋，不勞而獲的繼承被達悟人認為是恥辱的。
5. 達悟族的傳統特色
我們先來認識達悟族著名的「飛魚文化」。每年三月，飛魚隨著黑潮迴游到蘭嶼的海域，達悟人舉行召請飛魚前來的招魚祭；祭典之後，達悟人開始捕飛魚，但只限於晚上以火炬照明，以吸引魚群，到了四月，則准許白天用小船釣大魚，夜間則休息。五至七月，開放白天捕飛魚，這幾個月也是最繁忙的季節，但除了飛魚以外，其他的漁類不准撈捕。捕了這麼多飛魚，吃不完的曬乾儲存，過了九月，約中秋節以後，禁止再食用飛魚，所有吃不完的飛魚也要全部丟棄。不同的月份用不同的方式捕不同的魚類不僅調節了海洋魚類的生態，而吃飛魚的季節限制也遏止了濫捕、貪婪的情況發生。達悟人視飛魚為上蒼賜予的神聖物品，因此要以敬畏戒慎的心情對待，無形中衍生成一種社會規範。以現代的觀點來看，達悟人的飛魚文化更是非常先進的生態理念呢。另一個非常符合生態保育的觀念是對魚類的分類。基本上，魚可以分為：老人魚（只有老人可以食用）、男人魚（味腥、皮如砂紙，女人不能食用）、女人魚（肉質鮮美，任何人皆可食用）。因此，一個達悟男子在捕魚時，必須捕撈到不同種的魚，以供應家裡的男女老少享用，間接地抑制了過量捕殺單一魚類的危機，也兼顧了生態保育的平衡。蘭嶼為熱帶海洋性氣候，年平均溫度為攝氏26度，除了冬季較寒冷外，大部分為炎熱的天氣；又因位於颱風季節的要衝，島上又無高山屏障（最高峰僅548公尺），因此聰明的達悟祖先發明了半穴居式地下屋，使颱風季節仍能高枕無憂；又為了適應炎夏的燠熱，欄干式的涼台設計是夏日最好的休憩場所。穴居的地下屋下雨時是否會積水？聰明的達悟人在挖地基時，以卵石鋪陳，讓雨水滲透進地下，連接天然的水道送至海裡。工欲善其事，必先利其器，要捕獲許多的飛魚就需要有一艘好的船。達悟族的拼板舟是祖先智慧的累積，在每年的飛魚祭以後，造船的工作便開始進行，由船主們到山裡砍伐適當的木材，經過粗略的修整再帶到工作房前加工。船體由21至27塊不同的木板組合，再以木棉或樹脂接合，不用一根鐵釘，每一塊船板所使用的樹材都是固定的，讓我們不得不佩服他們的卓越技巧與智慧。而船上細緻的雕紋與圖案，又顯現了達悟人藝術上的天份。那些瑪瑙紋、銀盔紋、波浪紋，都是達悟人生活的一部分。人形紋則代表了家族的英雄，也是各家族的徽號。最重要的圖案是有著齒輪狀的眼睛紋飾，是船的眼睛，有避邪的作用，讓船隻在大海航行時免於災難。達悟人認為船是男人身體的一部分，造船是神聖的使命，尤其在造一艘十人大船時，從選材到製作完成歷時三年的時間，船對達悟人的重要性可見一斑。除了造船技術，紡織、捏陶、金銀器打造都是達悟人藝術的表現。
6. 達悟族的命名（以下資料取自於Taiwan Study Society at ASU，請上網用關鍵字查詢）
達悟人的命名方式是奇妙的「向前看」，也就是親從子名的制度。沒有小孩的達悟人，自己的名字前面會有一個「si」，比方說Si-Maraos，他的名字是 Maraos，那前面的 si 表示他沒有小孩。有小孩的人呢，就會把自己的名字收起不用，而叫做「syaman-孩子名」。比方說達悟的作家「夏曼‧蘭波安」，看他的名字就知道，他是蘭波安的爸爸。至於當祖父母的話，就變成「syapen-孫子名」。因此，達悟族之命名方式即是個圓（circle），象徵著生命之有始有終、生生不息。
7. 世界的自然保育（Nature Conservation）
目前國際上較著名的保育組織及保育公約有如：世界自然保育聯盟IUCN、世界自然基金會WWF、華盛頓公約組織CITES、物種存續委員會SSC、生物多樣性公約CBD、國際野生物貿易調查組織TRAFFIC、國際重要濕地公約Ramsar。
瀕臨絕種保育類野生動物（國內部分）：
(1) 台灣狐蝠Formosan Flying Fox，Pteropus dasymallus formosus
(2) 台灣黑熊Formosan Black Bear，Ursus thibetanus formosanus
(3) 水獺Chinese Otter，Lutra lutra chinensis
(4) 雲豹Formosan Clouded Leopard，Neofelis nebulosa
(5) 東方白鸛Oriental White Stork，Ciconia ciconia boyciana
(6) 黑面琵鷺Black-faced Spoonbill，Platalea minor
(7) 赫氏角鷹Hodgson’s Hawk Eagle，Spizaetus nipalensis fokiensis
(8) 隼Peregrine Falcon，Falco peregrinus
(9) 林鵰Indian Black Eagle，Ictinaetus malayensis
(10) 藍腹鷴Swinhoe’s Pheasant，Lophura swinhoii
(11) 帝雉Mikado Pheasant，Syrmaticus mikado
(12) 黃魚鴞Tawny Fish Owl，Ketupa ketupa flavipes
(13) 蘭嶼角鴞Lanyu Scops Owl，Otus elegans botelensis
(14) 褐林鴞Brown Wood Owl，Strix leptogrammica caligata
(15) 灰林鴞Tawny Wood Owl，Strix aluco yamadae
(16) 朱鸝Maroon Oriole，Oriolus traillii ardens
(17) 赤蠵龜Loggerhead Turtle，Caretta caretta
(18) 綠蠵龜Green Turtle，Chelonia mydas
(19) 玳瑁Hawksbill Turtle，Eretmochelys imbricata
(20) 革龜Leatherback Turtle，Dermochelys coriacea
(21) 百步蛇Hundred Pace Snake，Deinagkistrodon acutus
(22) 櫻花鉤吻鮭Taiwan Trout，Oncorhynchus masou
(23) 高身鏟頜魚Varicorhinus alticorpus
(24) 寬尾鳳蝶Broad-tailed Swallowtail Butterfly，Agehana maraho
(25) 珠光鳳蝶Birdwing Butterfly，Troides magellanus
(26) 大紫蛺蝶Large Purple Fritllary，Sasakia charonda formosana
8. 課中及Language Use圖片來源
http://lanyu.taitung.gov.tw/e_travel/e_travel-1.htm
http://www.iov.org.tw/english/p_04c_2.htm
9. 相關資料查詢
http://lanyu.taitung.gov.tw/e_travel/e_travel-1.htm
10. 最後要特別感謝蘭嶼專家陳昭敦老師，在忙碌的工作中抽空花了三天的時間，親自帶領我們參觀蘭嶼，讓我們對蘭嶼有更真實和深入的體會。在陳老師的介紹下，我們不僅和當地人有面對面的接觸與深談，受邀與他們共享豐富的晚餐，甚至還進入了地下屋參觀，體會其獨特精巧的建築方式及功能：冬暖夏涼、抵擋強颱。蘭嶼之美雖筆墨難以形容，但令人憂慮的是，許多天然美景和自然生態受到人為的破壞，所以要讓這顆太平洋上的珍珠繼續發出閃耀的光芒，環保實乃當務之急。
課外閱讀
1.
Green Island, once known as “Fire Island,” is a small island located in the Pacific Ocean 33 kilometers off the coast of southeastern Taiwan. It has a population of 2,000 on an area of only 16.2 square kilometers. The island was formed by volcanic action that left a curved and complex coastline. Coastal beach terraces and cliffs drop to colorful coral reefs where schools of tropical fish make their abode. Coral reefs around the island are very easy to access (over 205 different kinds of hard and soft coral are to be found, including Mountain Coral, found only in the warm Japanese current).
Green Island is considered a diving paradise in East Asia. Snorkeling and scuba diving excursions are well-organized and first-timers can enjoy guided, supervised snorkeling with lifejackets and lifebuoys. Optical diving masks are also provided, an advantage for those who wear glasses or contact lenses. The tropical fish and coral reefs create a spectacular underwater display, even at shallow depths, and the clear, calm waters offer great visibility. Whether diving or snorkeling, Green Island’s tremendous amount of wonderful sea life offers an experience of a lifetime.
Since the climate of Green Island is tropical, any time is good for visiting, but especially the fall and spring. Although the water temperature is always above 20, from April to September it is quite hot and is the peak season for Taiwanese tourists, and also typhoon season. December and January are the cooler months (20-30), but also offer great visibility if you like diving and the warm Japanese current that ensures comfortable water temperatures. Activities on Green Island include diving, snorkeling, hiking, salt-water hot springs bathing, and fishing. There is not a lot of nightlife on the island, except for the nightly parties down at the hot springs (one of only three seawater hot springs in the world!). The prisons on the island are a “must see” and the prison visitor center offers an in-depth insight into Taiwan’s modern history.
2.
In Dawu belief, the flying fish is a sacred good bestowed from heaven; therefore, the flying fish ceremonies are the most important of the year for the Dawu. Everything to do with the fish is conducted with reverence, and many related customs and taboos have emerged.
The fish ceremony season is divided into a fish-beckoning ceremony, a catch-processing ceremony, and a harvest ceremony and feasting. Most crucial and attention-grabbing is the fish-beckoning ceremony of the third lunar month. The goal of the rites of this ceremony is to summon the fish and pray for a large harvest. At dawn on this day, the men and an elder leader go to the seaside; after ceremonially sacrificing a chicken, the elder uses his fingers to paint the animal’s blood on the shore’s rounded cobblestones. Facing the sea, he cries out: “We shout out to you, flying fish to the south, to come to us like arrows shot from a bow, for we have chicken and pork to welcome you. Flying fish! Return to us quickly!” Each boat captain picks up five cobblestones to take home, placing them under the fish-drying frame outside his door, shaking the frame to symbolize its shaking under a heavy fish load, thus requesting a bumper take.
After this the catch begins, confined to the nighttime. Torches are used to attract the shoals of fish. In the fourth month, fishing for big game from small craft is permitted. From months five to seven the catch is opened, with nets used in the daytime, making this the busiest season. However, during this season, only the flying fish can be scooped up, nothing else. In the sixth and seventh months the harvest ceremonies are held. Enough fish are dried and stored to supply the tribe through the cool winter. On the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, the date of the Mid-Autumn (Moon) Festival, consumption of fresh fish is ceased with a formal ceremony, and the tails of the largest fish of the catch hung up by the seaside as a symbol of the close of flying-fish season. Other fish are then to be harvested, and all uneaten flying fish (meaning fresh rather than dried) must be discarded.
A division of labor is in place during the fish season, with men handling the catch and maintaining the fishing gear, women handling foodstuffs, cooking, and harvesting the millet, and youngsters cutting firewood and catching shrimp. There are also many preparations to complete before each season; the men must go into the hills to cut wood suitable for fish-drying frame; ceremonial dress must be worn; and when walking around extreme care must be taken, for a stumble or fall symbolizes possible capsize or death when on the high seas. All males, adults and children, must have a haircut before going to meet and greet the flying fish. Anyone who doesn’t have a haircut is not allowed to eat any of the fish.
The rules regarding the eating of flying fish are also diverse. For example, fish caught during the day or at night are eaten differently. Sacred rites giving gratitude for fish caught must be observed, or the fish cannot be eaten--if it is eaten, it is believed boils and sores will erupt on the skin. Fish dried upside-down also cannot be eaten, even if later turned right side up. Non-Dawu are exempted from these rules, and can eat their fill without worry. Dried fish is an especially good accompaniment to alcohol, and along with other Dawu specialties, such as specially prepared sweet potatoes and taro, is highly recommended for a memorable visit to Orchid Island.
---by Phoenix Huang
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