2011年3月7日 星期一

遠東版第六冊第一課關鍵句型

Lesson One  How Good Is Your Memory?


課文第1~3 p.2~4

1. have trouble + V-ing   不容易……,做……有困難
【補充】= have difficulty (in) + V-ing
【範例】Wendy is having trouble getting her youngest son to eat his vegetables.
溫蒂沒辦法叫她最小的兒子把蔬菜吃下去。
I’m having difficulty in remembering names.
我很不會記人的名字。
Your Turn
1. 害羞的人和他人互動時可能會有困難。
Shy people may  have   trouble/difficulty  interacting with other people.
2. 注意力不集中的孩子很難專注於(focus on)完成一項作業或學習新東西。
Inattentive children  have  difficulty  focusing    on   completing a task or learning something new.96指科
3. 他沒辦法發動車子,所以打電話給技師。

He had  trouble/difficulty   getting  his car to start, so he called a mechanic.

2. prep. + wh-clause
【說明】(1) 關係子句的動詞為不及物動詞時,可以將介系詞移到關係代名詞前面,此時關係代名詞作為介系詞的受詞,這種用法比較正式。
(2) 雖然可當受詞的關係代名詞有whomwhichthat,但是只有whomwhich可以作為介系詞的受詞。
【範例】This is the hospital which I was born in.
à This is the hospital in which I was born.
這就是我出生的那家醫院。
She felt betrayed by her friend, whom she had done so much for.
à She felt betrayed by her friend, for whom she had done so much.
她覺得被朋友背叛了,她為了那個朋友付出很多。
Your Turn
( D ) 1. The events ________ they compete include both team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and soccer, and individual sports, such as golf, tennis, and bowling.97指科
(A) of that              (B) with whom       (C) in that                 (D) in which
( D ) 2. Mr. Wells is the manager ________ you should send your reports.
(A) who to              (B) which               (C) to which             (D) to whom
( A ) 3. The house was completely empty except for the kitchen, ________ there was an old refrigerator.
(A) in which           (B) in that               (C) in it                     (D) in where

觸類旁通
prep. + which/whom + to V
【說明】= to V + prep.
這個結構也相當正式。
【範例】There are more boys than girls at this party, so some boys have no one with whom to dance.
        = There are more boys than girls at this party, so some boys have no one to dance with.
        這個派對裡的男生比女生多,所以有些男孩找不到舞伴。
Your Turn
4. 我需要找一間安靜的房間來唸書。
I need to find a quiet room   in    which    to   study.
= I need to find a quiet room   to    study    in  .
5. 我們找了一棵樹在下面躲雨。
We looked for a tree  under   which  to shelter from the rain.
= We looked for a tree   to    shelter   under  from the rain.

3. transform … into …   使……改變成……
【補充】= turn … into …
【範例】Success has transformed Rocky into an arrogant person.
功成名就讓洛基變成了一個傲慢的人。
The leading actress’s terrible performance turned the movie into a joke.
女主角拙劣的演技讓這部電影變成了一場笑話。
Your Turn
1. 這個裝置可以把太陽能轉換成電力。
This device can  transform/turn  solar power  into  electricity.
2. 這年頭連在樹林裡散個步都可以變成一種極限運動。
These days, even a walk in the woods can be  transformed/turned   into  an “extreme” sport.93指科
3. 賽門的到來讓無聊的派對變成歡樂的場合。
Simon’s arrival  transformed/turned  a boring party  into  a wonderful event.

4. it is/was … that …   分裂句(強調用法)
【說明】(1) 把一個句子中需要強調的部分,放在 it is/wasthat之間就會形成分裂句。
(2) 在強調事、物時,亦可用 which 來取代 that,若是強調地方則可用 where,強調時間可用 when,強調人可用 who(主詞)或 whom(受詞)。
(3) 需注意 that 子句的動詞單複數形式必須與強調部分的真主詞(名詞或代名詞)一致,與虛主詞 it 沒有關係。
【範例】Neil sent Vivian a bouquet of flowers via Far East Express this morning.
今天早上尼爾透過遠東快遞送給了薇薇安一束花。(未強調的原始句子)
à It was Neil that/who sent Vivian a bouquet of flowers via Far East Express this morning.
今天早上透過遠東快遞送薇薇安一束花的人是尼爾。【強調送花者是Neil
à It was a bouquet of flowers that/which Neil sent Vivian via Far East Express this morning.
尼爾今天早上透過遠東快遞送給薇薇安的是一束花。【強調送的是a bouquet of flowers
à It was via Far East Express that Neil sent Vivian a bouquet of flowers this morning.
今天早上幫尼爾送薇薇安一束花的是遠東快遞。【強調運送的方法為via Far East Express
Your Turn
( A ) 1. It was this morning ________ Neil sent Vivian a bouquet of flowers via Far East Express.
(A) when                (B) who                  (C) where                 (D) what
( C ) 2. ________ an illness that makes one want to stop eating.97指科
(A) These are          (B) There are          (C) It is                     (D) What
( B ) 3. Though the body was found in a bedroom, it was the dining room ________ the murder took place.
(A) which               (B) where               (C) what                   (D) that

5. transfer … to …   轉移(人、事物)至……;運送(人、事物)至……
【範例】Robert transferred his attention to a pretty girl who had just entered the restaurant.
羅伯特把注意力轉移到一個剛走進餐廳的漂亮女生身上。
Your Turn
1. 丹尼爾將會被調到新成立的業務部門,幫助公司拓展海外市場。
Daniel will be  transferred    to   the new sales division to help the company expand overseas.
2. 那名病患被送到較大的醫院做進一步的檢查。
The patient was  transferred    to   a bigger hospital for further tests.
3. 班尼特先生已經被調到我們倫敦的總公司了。
Mr. Bennett has been  transferred    to   our head office in London.

觸類旁通
transfer … to … 的其他用法
【說明】還可作「轉乘(交通工具)」、「轉學」、「轉帳」、「轉讓」解釋。
【範例】I took the MRT and then transferred to a bus.
我先搭捷運,然後轉乘公車。
My parents transferred me to a Catholic school when I was 10.
在我十歲時,我父母把我轉學到一所天主教學校。
Your Turn
4. 我要把我的存款轉到另外一家利率比較高的銀行。
   I am going to  transfer  my savings   to   another bank that pays a higher rate of interest.
5. 李太太決定把她房子的所有權轉到她兒子的名下。
Mrs. Lee decided to  transfer  the ownership of her house   to   her son.

6. be known as …   被稱為……
【補充】be known as …   以……(某種身分)聞名
be known for …  以……(事物)而知名
be known to ...    為……所知
【範例】The sayings of the philosopher Confucius are known as the “Analects.”
哲學家孔子的語錄稱為《論語》。
The king hoped that he would be known as a wise and compassionate ruler.
國王希望他給世人的印象是一位明智而悲天憫人的統治者。
The author became well known in the 1990s for her children’s stories.
這位作家在一九九○年代以童話故事而聲名大噪。
Hulk’s tenderness is known only to his wife.
浩克的溫柔只有他老婆知道。
Your Turn
( A ) 1. A man named Charles may also be known _____ Charlie or Chuck.91指科
(A) as                      (B) by                     (C) to                        (D) of
( D ) 2. Bam (巴姆城)was best known ________ its 2,000-year-old castle built out of mud, straw, and the trunks of palm trees.94學測)
(A) to                      (B) with                  (C) as                        (D) for
( A ) 3. Though it was once known ________ the world for the 1994 tribal conflict that resulted in about one million deaths, Rwanda(盧安達)has survived the mass killing.96學測)
(A) to                      (B) of                     (C) for                      (D) as

課文第4~6 p.4~6

7. be associated with   與……有關
【補充】associate … with … 把……和……聯想在一起
associate with sb.   與……為友;結交
【範例】The low student enrollment this year was found to be associated with the increase in tuition fees.
今年的學生註冊人數很少,發現是跟學費調漲有關。
Westerners associate Christmas with the exchanging of presents.
西方人把聖誕節和交換禮物聯想在一起。
He associated with a lot of businesspeople and politicians when he ran this company.
他以前經營這間公司時,結交了很多政商人士。
Your Turn
1. 老化除了身體逐漸衰弱以外,還跟腦力流失有關。
Besides physical weakening, aging is  associated   with  loss of brain power.
2. 很多人一想到西西里島就想到犯罪及黑手黨,不過這座島所擁有的不僅止於此。
Many people  associate  Sicily  with  crime and the Mafia, but there is much more to the island.
3. 我爸媽禁止我跟街坊的某些孩子來往。
My parents have forbidden me to  associate   with  some of the kids on our street.

8. V + (that) … and that …   兩個that子句當受詞
【說明】若動詞的受詞為兩個that子句,並由對等連接詞and來連接時,第一個子句的that可以省略,但第二個子句的that則不可以省略。
【範例】She bragged (that) her children were all gifted and that she could afford to send all of them to study overseas.
她吹噓說她的小孩都很有天分,而且她有錢可以把他們全都送出國唸書。
Your Turn
( B ) 1. I am sure that Howard is fine and ________ he will be in touch with you soon.
(A) which               (B) that                   (C) so                       (D) because
( D ) 2. She is worried ________ her son is doing badly in school and that he has made friends with unsuitable people.
(A) about                (B) how                  (C) as if                    (D) X
( C ) 3. Ted said that he had already seen the movie ________ it wasn’t very good.
(A) and which        (B) which               (C) and that              (D) that

9. be traced (back) to …   被追溯到;探查(來源)
【補充】trace sth. (back) to sth.  追溯;探查(來源)
【範例】His fear of heights can be traced back to a specific childhood experience.
他的懼高症可以追溯到一次特定的童年經驗。
Margaret traced her family back to the fourteenth century.
瑪格麗特追溯她的家世到十四世紀。
Your Turn
1. 那名逃犯被查到在山裡的一座小農場落腳,他已經在那裡躲了兩個月。
The escaped criminal  was   traced    to   a small farm in the mountains, where he had been hiding for two months.
2. 這種疾病的發源地被追溯到在墨西哥的一個小村莊。
The outbreak of the disease  was   traced    to   a small village in Mexico.
3. 安德魯的祖先可以一路追溯到十七世紀時的英國移民。
Andrew  traced  his ancestors all the way  back    to   English immigrants in the 17th century.

10. be + being + p.p.   進行式的被動語態
【說明】am/is/are being + p.p. 現在正在被……
was/were being + p.p. 當時正在被……
【範例】The secret agent changed her plan at the last moment because she felt as if she was being followed.
那名情報員臨時改變她的計畫,因為她覺得好像被人跟蹤。
Your Turn
( C ) 1. Diamonds mined in some rebel-held(由叛軍把持政權的) areas, such as Liberia(賴比瑞亞), are ________ smuggled(走私) into neighboring countries and exported as conflict-free diamonds.96指科)
(A) been                 (B) be                     (C) being                  (D) being to
( B ) 2. The boys were thrilled, for they could hardly believe that they ________ to do something they enjoyed!96學測)
(A) were being to pay                           (B) were being paid
(C) have been paid                                (D) were paying
( A ) 3. We can’t use the swimming pool today because it ________.
(A) is being cleaned                              (B) is been cleaned
(C) is cleaning                                       (D) is cleaned

11. for example vs. such as   例如
【說明】(1) for example (= for instance) 可以接句子及名詞,such as只能接名詞。
(2) for example可放在句首、句中或句尾,需用分號或逗號與本句隔開。
(3) such as前面有逗號,類似關係子句的非限定用法,僅作為補充說明;前面沒有逗號,類似關係子句的限定用法,用來界定前面的名詞。
【範例】For example, girls are born with more sensitive hearing than boys, and the difference increases as kids grow up.96學測)
例如,女孩子的聽力天生就比男孩子敏銳,而這項差異會隨著他們長大愈來愈明顯。
Some words, such as “sandwich” and “hamburger,” were originally the names of people or even towns.95學測)
有一些字,像是「三明治」和「漢堡」,原本是人或甚至是城鎮的名字。【such as所舉的僅是這些字中的兩個例子】
Wild animals such as bottlenose dolphins are becoming rare.
瓶鼻海豚之類的野生動物數量愈來愈稀少了。【such as特別指像瓶鼻海豚那樣的野生動物】
Your Turn
( C ) 1. Online retailers ________ Amazon are good at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers.96指科
(A) for instance      (B) for example      (C) such as               (D) such like
( A ) 2. Winter sports, ________ skiing and skating, are very popular in Canada.
(A) example of       (B) to mention        (C) as such               (D) so that
( D ) 3. Olives are grown in a number of European countries, ________ Italy and Greece.
(A) for one             (B) even so             (C) in case                (D) such as

12. there is no doubt that …   無疑地,……
【補充】no doubt = without doubt = doubtless = doubtlessly  無疑地
【範例】There is no doubt that Jeffery can finish the crossword puzzle on his own.
傑佛瑞能獨自完成這個填字遊戲是無庸置疑的。
Yvonne will no doubt be the most competent secretary you have ever had.
伊芳絕對會是你所用過的祕書中最能幹的。
Your Turn
1. 無疑地,這篇作文並不是你自己寫的。
 There    is _   no    doubt   that  this composition is not your own work.
2. 這絕對是我吃過最美味的披薩。
This is  without   doubt  the best pizza I have ever tasted.
3. 亞當上學又遲到了,而且勢必又要在到校後編一個彆腳的藉口給老師。
Adam is late for class again and will  doubtlessly/doubtless  give the teacher another bad excuse when he arrives.


I. 選擇題
( C ) 1. ________ doubt that no place is like home.91學測)
(A) It is no              (B) If it was not     (C) There is no         (D) In case of
( D ) 2. The gun used in the robbery was ________ to a store in Texas.
(A) transformed     (B) turned              (C) transferred         (D) traced
( A ) 3. The museum was destroyed in an earthquake but ________ rebuilt.
(A) is being             (B) is been              (C) was been            (D) has being
( B ) 4. Typhoons that occur in the Atlantic Ocean are known ________ hurricanes.
(A) into                   (B) as                      (C) for                      (D) to
( D ) 5. ________ Sam ________ broke the window, so don’t blame me!91指科
(A) That was … where                          (B) How was … who
(C) Of which was … that                     (D) It was … who
( B ) 6. It is my parents ________ I owe my greatest debt of gratitude.
(A) to which           (B) to whom           (C) to them               (D) who to
( C ) 7. ________, in a wedding banquet it is common to see a pair of ice-sculpted swans that represent the union of the new couple.97學測)
(A) And that           (B) Such as             (C) For example       (D) In which
( B ) 8. The speaker had trouble ________ himself heard due to the noise in the room.
(A) and made         (B) making             (C) to make              (D) being made
( A ) 9. The name of Hitler is ________ with mass murder.
(A) associated        (B) traced               (C) transformed       (D) transferred
( A )10. Mom promised that she would take me to a movie ________ I could bring a friend with me.
(A) and that            (B) and                   (C) with whom         (D) without doubt

II. 填充題
1. 她上美容院把自己變成紅髮女郎。
She went to a beauty salon to  transform  herself  into  a redhead.
2. 麗塔跟艾迪是在四月十日結婚的。
  It    was  on the tenth of April (t) that  Rita and Eddie got married.
3. 這家公司已經決定將所有的生產作業移往越南。
The company has decided to  transfer  all its manufacturing operations   to _  Vietnam.
4. 小說是我們用來稱呼編造的故事,像是《哈利波特》或《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》。
Fiction is the name we use for stories that are make-believe,  such    as   Harry Potter or Alice in Wonderland.91指科
5. 那個人鐵定得坐牢坐很久。
_There    is     no    doubt  that the man will go to prison for a very long time.
6. 傳統上,中國新年會跟家人團聚聯想在一起。
By tradition, Chinese New Year is  associated   with  family reunions.
7. 米蘭被公認為歐洲時尚界的重鎮。
Milan   is    known    as   a center of the fashion industry in Europe.
8. 因為頭痛的關係,我不太能專心(concentrate)在工作上。
With this headache, I’m  having   trouble/difficulty   concentrating_ on my work.
9. 外面正在修剪草皮,讓我想打噴嚏。
The grass   is    being  cut outside, and it’s making me sneeze.
10. 湯姆對跟他一起奪得冠軍的隊友們感到非常驕傲。
Tom is very proud of the teammates  with   whom  he won the championship.

III. 翻譯、句子合併與改寫:
1. 那位藝術家買了一間小公寓,並將它改裝為工作室。
The artist bought a small apartment and transformed it into a studio.                  
2. 銀行總公司(head office)決定把該名經理調到別家分行(branch)。
The bank’s head office decided to transfer the manager to a different branch.    
3. 貝克先生(Mr. Becker)年輕時(in his youth)是公認的網球好手。
In his youth, Mr. Becker was known as a great tennis player.                                 
4. 露西(Lucy)認為那個計畫很荒謬(ridiculous),不想跟它扯上關係。
Lucy thinks the plan is ridiculous, and does not want to be associated with it.      
5. 情人節的歷史可以溯及羅馬時代。
The history of Valentine’s Day can be traced back to Roman times.                      
6. The sudden outbreak of pandemic flu caused a crisis.
Most countries were unprepared for the crisis.
(用prep. + wh-clause合併)
The sudden outbreak of pandemic flu caused a crisis for which most countries were unprepared.       
7. I heard from your sister that you don’t like your job.
I also heard that you are thinking of going back to college.
(用that子句合併)
I heard from your sister (that) you don’t like your job and that you are thinking of going back to college.   
8. The food poisoning victims have been taken to hospital, and doctors are monitoring their condition.
(以被動語態改寫)
The victims of food poisoning have been taken to the hospital, and their condition is being monitored (by doctors).                                                                                                                         
9. It is hard for many Westerners to get used to Taiwan’s hot and humid climate.
(用have trouble改寫)
Many Westerners have trouble getting used to Taiwan’s hot and humid climate.  
10. Amanda told me about William’s promotion.
用分裂句改寫強調Amanda
It was Amanda that/who told me about William’s promotion.                                 

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